Emerging concepts in heart failure management and treatment: focus on current guideline-directed medical therapy for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction

Oscar Eduardo Ospina González, Diana Catalina Llanos Mejía, Edgardo Kaplinsky, Alejandro Barbagelata, Sergio Perrone

Article Type

Review

Published

This article reviews an updated therapeutic algorithm for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) with a special focus on the therapeutic value of adding an mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, changing an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker for an angiotensin
II receptor-neprilysin inhibitor and incorporating an sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor in patients with HFrEF.

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Emerging concepts in heart failure treatment and management: focus on SGLT2 inhibitors in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

Andrea Beatriz De Lorenzi, Edgardo Kaplinsky, Marx Rivera Zambrano, Laia Tomás Chaume, Joan Monell Rosas

Article Type

Review

Published

This article provides an overview of the main pathophysiological characteristics of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), the considered diverse biological effects of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in this context and the supporting clinical evidence of SGLT2i in patients with HFpEF with a focus on the EMPEROR-Preserved and DELIVER trials.

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Combination therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus: adding empagliflozin to basal insulin

Andrew Ahmann

Article Type

Case Report

Published

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) management is complex, with few patients successfully achieving recommended glycemic targets with monotherapy, most progressing to combination therapy, and many eventually requiring insulin. Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are an emerging class of antidiabetes agents with an insulin-independent mechanism of action, making them suitable for use in combination with any other class of antidiabetes agents, including insulin. In this review the evaluates a 78-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial investigating the impact of empagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, as add-on to basal insulin in patients with inadequate glycemic control on basal insulin, with or without metformin and/or a sulfonylurea.

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Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors: a growing class of anti-diabetic agents

Eva M Vivian

Article Type

Review

Published

Although several treatment options are available to reduce hyperglycemia, only about half of individuals with diagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM) achieve recommended glycemic targets. New agents that reduce blood glucose concentrations by novel mechanisms and have acceptable safety profiles are needed to improve glycemic control and reduce complications. This article reviews the evidence from clinical trials and suggests that SGLT2 inhibitors are a promising new treatment option for T2DM.

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